General: Perennial herb from slender rhizomes, usually with stolons; stems erect, 3-20 cm tall, finely glandular-hairy, leafless or with a simple unstalked leaf near the base.
Leaves: Basal leaves heart- to kidney-shaped, 1-3 cm long, doubly round-toothed, sparsely hairy, at least above, long-stalked; stem leaves, if present, reduced, unstalked, occurring near the stem-base.
Flowers: Inflorescence a loosely flowered spike-like cluster of 3 to 12 flowers, blossoming upward, the flower stalks 2-6 mm long; petals greenish-yellow, about 4 mm long, the claw slender, the blades dissected into 8 linear, opposite segments; calyces broadly bell- to saucer-shaped, tubular portion joined to ovary; free hypanthium almost absent; calyx lobes 5, egg-shaped, blunt to pointed; stamens 10.
Moist to wet streambanks, meadows, thickets, swamps and forests in the lowland and montane zones; common throughout BC east of the Coast-Cascade Mountains; amphiberingian, N to SE AK, S YT and SW NT, E to NF and S to NH, PA, MI, IO, ND, MT and WA.
The table below shows the species-specific information calculated from original data (BEC database) provided by the BC Ministry of Forests and Range. (Updated August, 2013)
A shade-tolerant/intolerant, montane to subalpine, Asian and transcontinental North American forb (absent in the Pacific region). Occurs in continental boreal and cool temperate climates on fresh to moist, nitrogen-medium soils; its occurrence increases with increasing elevation and continentality. Sporadic in semi-open coniferous forests on water-shedding and water-receiving sites in the eastern coast-interior ecotone. Characteristic of continental forests.
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