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Species Information
Summary: Features include 1) small roundish spore-sac on a somewhat striate light-colored stem, 2) spore case with an outer covering that falls off except for a band at its base, 3) ochraceous cream inner case, 4) fibrillose-fringed opening at the top, 5) ochraceous spore mass, 6) growth in sandy soil, and 7) microscopic characters including nearly round to elliptic spores that are minutely punctate under oil immersion. The description is derived from Wright.
Collections were examined from BC, WA, OR, ID, CA, IL, IA, KS, ND, NE, NM, NY, and Argentina, (Wright). The University of Michigan has 2 collections, one submitted by Ellen Trueblood from ID, and the other submitted by Nancy Smith Weber from ID, both determined in 1994 by J. Wright.
Outer Surface: spore-sac up to 1.5cm diameter; exoperidium a hyphal layer agglutinated with sand grains, but persisting at the base
Inner layer: endoperidium ochraceous cream with yellowish tints, not smooth, but areolate [cracked like dried mud]; mouth fibrillose-fimbriate; socket (where stem attaches) inconspicuous, separated from stem
Spore Mass: ochraceous
Stem: up to 5cm x 0.3cm, light-colored, substriate [somewhat striate]
Microscopic: spores 5.3-7 microns in diameter, nearly round to elliptic, colored, minutely punctate under oil immersion, under scanning electron microscope "the ornamentation appears formed by small, even verrucae, some almost squamiform, appressed and hardly at all anastomosed"; capillitium slightly yellowish, branched, septate, threads thick-walled, with visible to solid lumen, hardly at all swollen at the colored scant septa, 5.4-9.4 microns wide
Habitat / Range
sandy soil; recorded in March, April, June, and September, (in northern hemisphere), mostly in March
Similar Species
Var. tuberculatum is close to var. fimbriatum of Europe and to Tulostoma pulchellum, but differs from both by its spores, (Wright). The spores of var. campestre have larger verrucae, but "It is probably that the spore ornamentation is only an extreme of the variation observed in T. fimbriatum Fr. var. campestre and it could well qualify as a form of this with small and anastomosed verrucae.", (Wright).
