nodding beggarticks
Asteraceae (Aster family)
Introduction to Vascular Plants
Introduction
Nodding beggarticks is a wetland species that is found across the US and Canada in most states and provinces with only a handful of exceptions (e.g. Florida, Labrador) (USDA 2010). In British Columbia, it is found across the province, though it is more frequent east of the Cascades. This is an annual, fibrous-rooted species that often grows mixed with other species of Bidens. It is found in a variety of habitats including shorelines of lakes and ponds, marshes, ditches, often in standing water, in sandy or mucky sites. It is also reported from mudflats, mucky bottomland, depressions in forests, sedge meadows, fens and bogs, cedar swamps (Michigan Flora Online 2011). Along the BC coast, it may be found in tidal sloughs and marshes. Nodding beggarticks is similar to Vancouver Island beggarticks, but it is readily identified by its nodding flowerheads, yellow ray petals, spherical seed heads, and strap-like leaves. The achenes are distinctive--with convex, cartilaginous summits and very narrow bases.
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Species Information
General:
Annual herb from a fibrous root; stems erect, simple or branched, sparsely spreading-hairy to glabrous, 0.1-1.0 m tall.
Leaves:
Basal leaves lacking; stem leaves simple, unstalked, opposite, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5-20 cm long, 0.5-4.5 cm wide, sometimes joining at the stems, coarsely saw-toothed to nearly entire, glabrous.
Flowers:
Heads with ray and disk flowers, sometimes discoid, hemispheric or nearly so, numerous when well-developed, nodding with age; involucres 12-25 mm wide; involucral bracts in 2 dissimilar series, the outer ones 5-8, green, leafy, unequal, spreading or reflexed, linear-lanceolate, usually longer than the disk, the inner ones erect, narrowly egg-shaped, mostly 6-8 mm long, greenish-brown; ray flowers 6-8, or sometimes lacking, yellow, about 1.5 cm long; disk flowers yellow.
Fruits:
Achenes mostly 5-8 mm long, tan, narrowly wedge-shaped, compressed-quadrangular, the marginal nerves and convex summit tending to be thickened and light coloured at maturity; pappus of 3-4 retrorsely-barbed awns, 2-3 mm long.
Illustration
If more than one illustration is available for a species (e.g., separate illustrations were provided for two subspecies) then links to the separate images will be provided below. Note that individual subspecies or varietal illustrations are not always available.
Illustration Source: The Illustrated Flora of British Columbia
USDA Species Characteristics
Flower Colour:
Yellow
Blooming Period:
Late Summer
Fruit/Seed characteristics:
Colour: Purple
Present from Summer to Fall
Source: The USDA
Ecology
The table below shows the species-specific information calculated from
original data (BEC database) provided by the BC Ministry of Forests and Range.
(Updated August, 2013)
| Site Information |
Value / Class |
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|
Avg |
Min |
Max |
|
| Elevation
(metres) |
511 | 70 | 817 |
| Slope
Gradient (%) |
0 | 0 | 0 |
|
Aspect (degrees) |
0 | ||
| Soil
Moisture Regime (SMR) [0 - very xeric; 4 - mesic; 8 - hydric] |
7 | 7 | 8 |
| Modal
Nutrient Regime
Class |
D | ||
| #
of field plots species was recorded in: |
4 | ||
| Modal
BEC Zone Class |
ICH | ||
|
All BEC Zones (# of stations/zone) species was recorded in |
CWH(1), ICH(2), PP(1) | ||
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Source:
Klinkenberg 2013
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Habitat and Range
Wet ditches and lakeshores in the lowland, steppe and montane zones; common throughout BC east of the Coast-Cascade Mountains, less frequent on Vancouver Island and the adjacent mainland; circumboreal, E to PQ and S to NC, AR, OK, TX, NM, AZ and CA, Eurasia.Status Information
Synonyms
Synonyms and Alternate Names:
Bidens cernua var. cernua L.
Bidens cernua var. dentata (Nutt.) Boivin
Bidens cernua var. elliptica Wieg.
Bidens cernua var. integra Wieg.
Bidens cernua var. minima (Huds.) Pursh
Bidens cernua var. oligodonta Fern. & St. John
Bidens cernua var. radiata DC.
Bidens glaucescens Greene
Taxonomic Keys
The following three Bidens species are most easily confused.
1. Ray florets absent ........................ Bidens tripartita 1. Ray florets present, yellow ............................. 2 2. Summit of mature achenes convex and cartilaginous, heads nodding, fruiting heads on pressed specimens spherical, leaves strap-like and never deeply three-lobed ........................... Bidens cernua 2. Summit of mature achenes flat or concave, not cartilaginous, heads erect, fruiting heads on pressed specimens hemispherical, leaves not strap-like, often three-lobed.......................................... Bidens amplissima Source: Modifed from Ganders et al. (2002). |
Taxonomic Notes
View a comparison photo of the seeds of Bidens amplissima and Bidens cernua.
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