Inocybe mixtilis group
blond hairy inocybe
Inocybaceae

Species account author: Ian Gibson.
Extracted from Matchmaker: Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest.

Introduction to the Macrofungi

Photograph

© Adolf Ceska     (Photo ID #18854)


Map

E-Flora BC Static Map

Distribution of Inocybe mixtilis group
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Species Information

Summary:
Features of this common group are 1) a silky-lubricous cap in various shades of fulvous and yellow, 2) a whitish to yellowish stem that is pruinose for its complete length, and has a pale yellow, conspicuously flat-marginate bulb, 3) absent cortina, 4) medium-sized, prominently nodulose spores, and 5) ventricose pleurocystidia/cheilocystidia with thick walls. This group is meant to contain the species in the Inocybe mixtilis group as used by Esteve-Raventos(1), species which were generally known as Inocybe mixtilis prior to their molecular work. Two of the six species in the group in their molecular study are known to occur in the Pacific Northwest: Inocybe occulta (known from BC, OR, Mexico, Austria, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Australia), and Inocybe ceskae (known from BC, OR, and Finland). The other four species are Inocybe nothomixtilis (known from France, Germany, Italy, and Spain), Inocybe mixtilis (known from Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden), Inocybe johannis-tanglii (known from Germany and Austria), and Inocybe subtrivialis (known from Spain). The species designation of reports from eastern North America is unknown. Stuntz(1) distinguished this species from Inocybe trechispora (Berk.) Karst sensu Kauffman in 1947, but in their 1980 paper, Grund(7) synonymize the two; however, Agaricus (Inocybe) trechisporus Berk. is different. The Inocybe mixtilis group include some of the commonest Inocybes on the west coast of North America (Grund(7)).
Cap:
1.5-4cm across, conic-convex, conic - bell-shaped or almost flat, "with rounded, papillate, or instinct umbo"; light brownish orange, honey, ocher, darker brown when young; smooth, "or smooth in center and outwards indistinctly radially fibrous (fibrils not diverging), greasy or subviscid, more rarely dry and shiny", margin not rimose [cracked], (Cripps), 1.5-3cm across, conic when young, later convex to flat and umbonate, margin acute; yellow-ocher to yellow-brown; "finely radially fibrillose, slightly lubricous when moist", margin even to split and fringed, (Breitenbach), varying from one-colored (straw color) to two-colored (bright fulvous tan at center and yellow at margin); subrimose [somewhat cracked] to distinctly rimose toward margin, occasionally virgate [radially streaked] with darker fibrils, "silky when dry, lubricous to viscous when wet, not truly viscid", (Grund), ocher or honey yellow; slightly slippery or greasy to the touch when wet; edge usually not split or tattered, (Trudell)
Flesh:
white, (Cripps), thin; white, (Breitenbach), 0.1-0.2cm off the disc; white, unchanging, (Grund)
Gills:
"narrowly attached, sinuate, almost free", broad (to 0.6cm); cream or light gray, then grayish brown or brown, edges colored as faces, (Cripps), +/- narrowly attached and some decurrent by a small tooth, 40-49 reaching stem, broad, 1-3 subgills between neighboring gills; "gray-white, later olive-yellow to olive-brown"; edges white-ciliate, (Breitenbach), very distant in old specimens, (Schalkwijk-Barendsen), adnexed to narrowly adnate, moderately close, moderately broad (0.4cm broad); grayish pallid becoming umber, (Grund), grayish white at first, becoming olivaceous brown, (Trudell)
Stem:
4-6cm x 0.4-0.7cm, equal down to distinct cup-like marginate base (to 1cm), straight or curved; white or with yellow-ocher hues; smooth and pruinose for entire length, (Cripps), 3-5cm x 0.3-0.5cm, cylindric, flexible, "base bulbous and indistinctly marginate"; "whitish when young, later cream-colored to straw-yellow and finely white-pruinose over the entire length", (Breitenbach), pallid yellow (Grund)
Veil:
cortina not observed but veil tissue at center of cap, "or at margin of young specimens, typically not distinct, dingy white", (Cripps)
Odor:
none or faintly spermatic (Cripps), faintly spermatic to farinaceous, (Breitenbach), of radish (Schalkwijk-Barendsen), spermatic (Grund), indistinct (Buczacki)
Taste:
mild (Breitenbach)
Microscopic spores:
spores 7.5-9.5 x 5.5-6.5 microns, nodulose with about 8 protruding knobs and apiculus; basidia 4-spored, 20-28 x 7-9 microns, clavate; pleurocystidia common, 40-58 x 14-19 microns, fusiform to subfusiform, crystals at apex, walls pale yellow, 3-4 microns thick, cheilocystidia similar to pleurocystidia, paracystidia 13 x 9 microns, clavate, thin-walled; cap cuticle "a parallelocutis or mixocutis, with or without a thin layer of agglutinated hyphae at surface", hyphae below 6-7 microns wide, encrusted, pigmented; clamp connections present in most tissues, not noted for gill trama, (Cripps), 7.5-9.6 x 5.5-7 microns, +/- elongate, with 8-12 tubercles, light yellow; basidia 4-spored, 22-28 x 9-10 microns, clavate, with basal clamp connection; pleurocystidia similar to cheilocystidia, cheilocystidia 35-60 x 13-20 microns, fusiform, thick-walled (1.5-3 microns thick), with apical crystals, abundant clavate cells among them; cap cuticle of periclinal hyphae 5-12 microns wide, yellow-brown and encrusted, some septa with clamp connections; caulocystidia present, (Breitenbach), spores 7.5-10 x 5.5-7 microns with 8-12 warts; cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia "ovate with thick walls, narrowed necks, and crystals on the apices", "thin-walled, clavate cystidia are mixed among the cheilocystidia", (Trudell)
Spore deposit:
brown (Cripps), dark red-brown (Breitenbach)
Notes:
There are collections from BC at the University of British Columbia. The University of Washington has collections from WA, OR, ID, AK, and MI. It also occurs in MT, eastern North America, and Europe, (Trudell). Cripps(1) found it in MT and Grund(7) found it in NS.
EDIBILITY

Habitat and Range

SIMILAR SPECIES
Inocybe napipes is similar to the I. mixtilis group in having a marginate bulb and nodulose spores but I. mixtilis group lacks a cortina, is more lubricous on the honey-colored cap, has a sharper edge to the bulb, and is pruinose the length of the stem. Inocybe praetervisa is larger, with larger spores, (Breitenbach). Inocybe xanthomelas has larger spores and the stem blackens on drying (O. Ceska, pers. comm.).
Habitat
under both conifers and hardwoods including aspen, (Cripps), usually gregarious "in conifer forests or mixed conifer-hardwood forests", primarily near Picea (spruce), among mosses; summer to fall, (Breitenbach)