General:
Perennial herb from a taproot; stems erect, 40-100 cm tall, branched above, smooth, glaucous; milky juice appearing when stems or leaves broken.

Leaves:
Whorled, numerous, unstalked, linear to narrowly lanceolate, smooth-margined, 1-5 cm long, smooth.

Flowers:
Inflorescence of long, terminal, spike-like clusters of numerous short-stalked flowers, at first dense, elongating in age; corollas violet, rarely pink, with a white-hairy patch at the throat, about 8 mm long excluding the curved basal spur, which is more than 1/2 as long as the rest of the corolla, 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed; calyces deeply 5-lobed, the lobes nearly distinct, linear; stamens 4.

Fruits:
Capsules, egg- to nearly globe-shaped; seeds numerous, angled, wingless, net-veined.

Source:  The Illustrated Flora of British Columbia

If more than one illustration is available for a species (e.g., separate illustrations were provided for two subspecies) then links to the separate images will be provided below. Note that individual subspecies or varietal illustrations are not always available.

Illustration Source:  The Illustrated Flora of British Columbia