Viola biflora L.
Northern Violet (arctic yellow violet; European Field Pansy; Queen Charlotte twinflower violet; twinflower violet)
Violaceae (Violet family)
Introduction to Vascular Plants
Northern Violet (arctic yellow violet; European Field Pansy; Queen Charlotte twinflower violet; twinflower violet)
Violaceae (Violet family)
Introduction to Vascular Plants
Photograph
© Alfred Cook (Photo ID #11164)
SUBTAXA PRESENT IN BC
Viola biflora var. carlottae
Species Information
General:
Perennial herb from a rhizome and fibrous roots, without stolons; stems ascending to erect, smooth, leafless except on the uppermost section, 5-20 cm tall.
Leaves:
Basal leaves rounded to heart- or kidney-shaped, blunt- to saw-toothed, the blades 0.6-2 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, the stalks 8-16 cm long, hairy above and along the veins; stem leaves similar, the stalks shorter, equal to or longer than the blades; stipules lanceolate, 2-5 mm long, entire.
Flowers:
Inflorescence of single, axillary flowers; petals 5, yellow, the lower petal 9-12 mm long including the 1- to 2-mm long spur; flower stalks with distinctive purple lines; sepals 5, oblong, fringed in the upper half, and with a conspicuous purple-black stripe; style heads smooth.
Fruits:
Capsules, sparsely short-hairy, 8-12 mm long; seeds brown.
Notes:
Hybridizes with V. glabella. The other subspecies, ssp. biflora, is widely distributed in Eurasia and also occurs in AK, YT and CO.
Ecology
Ecological Framework for Viola biflora
The table below shows the species-specific information calculated from
original data (BEC database) provided by the BC Ministry of Forests and Range.
(Updated August, 2013)
The table below shows the species-specific information calculated from
original data (BEC database) provided by the BC Ministry of Forests and Range.
(Updated August, 2013)
| Site Information |
Value / Class |
||
|
Avg |
Min |
Max |
|
| Elevation
(metres) |
801 | 150 | 1330 |
| Slope
Gradient (%) |
52 | 0 | 115 |
|
Aspect (degrees) |
167 | 150 | 180 |
| Soil
Moisture Regime (SMR) [0 - very xeric; 4 - mesic; 8 - hydric] |
4 | 3 | 6 |
| Modal
Nutrient Regime
Class |
B | ||
| #
of field plots species was recorded in: |
5 | ||
| Modal
BEC Zone Class |
MH | ||
|
All BEC Zones (# of stations/zone) species was recorded in |
CMA(1), CWH(1), MH(3) | ||
|
Source:
Klinkenberg 2013
|
|||