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Erynnis pacuvius Schrank, 1801
Duskywings; Pacuvius Duskywing
Family: Hesperiidae (Skippers)
Species account authors: Crispin Guppy and Jon Shepard.
Extracted from Butterflies of British Columbia.
Introduction to the Butterflies of BC
The Families of Lepidoptera of BC

Photograph

© Norbert Kondla     (Photo ID #8624)

Map

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Distribution of Erynnis pacuvius in British Columbia.
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Source: Butterflies of British Columbia by Crispin Guppy and Jon Shepard © Royal BC Museum

Illustration

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Illustration 2

Illustration Source: : Butterflies of British Columbia by Crispin Guppy and Jon Shepard © Royal BC Museum

Species Information


Adult

This species and the next two are nearly impossible to separate by wing pattern characteristics. Once a series of E. pacuvius is separated by examination of the male genitalia, the forewing submedian dark spots appear to be in an irregular line, whereas in both E. persius and E. afranius the spots are in a more regular line. This is not a reliable characteristic, however. The shape of the left valve of the male is the only reliable characteristic for separating the three species. In E. pacuvius the ventral process is long and the middle lobe is curved away from the ventral process. E. persius and E. afranius have a similar ventral process but the median lobe is curved towards the ventral process.

Immature Stages

Undescribed.

Subspecies

BC populations are E. pacuvius lilius (Dyar, 1904) (TL: Kaslo, BC). The subspecies ranges over the entire PNW and south in the California Sierras. In contrast to the California subspecies, lilius has dark markings that contrast highly with the ground colour. This characteristic is shared with the southern Rocky Mountain subspecies, which has an even sharper contrast of dark markings and ground colour.

Genus Description


The name Erynnis is derived from the Erinnyes or Furies who harried wrongdoers (Emmet 1991). Schrank used the generic name for all skippers, and used it to describe the erratic flight characteristic of skippers, as though they were avoiding the Furies. The Erinnyes sprang from the dark, thus the common name "duskywings" in reference to the dark wings. Scudder (1889b) was the first to use the name "duskywings" for the genus.

This and the remaining genera of the Pyrginae have rounded forewing tips, short discal cells, inconspicuous antennal tips, and porrect palpi. The genus Erynnis is distinguished by the mottled black background of the wings, hence the common name "duskywings". This Holarctic genus contains 17 Nearctic and 5 Palearctic species. Five species are found in BC. Closely related genera are all Neotropical. The larvae of this genus have been recorded as feeding on Quercus, Salix, Populus, Ceanothus, and Fabaceae. The various BC species cover this wide range of foodplant preferences, but individual species are restricted to one or a few closely related foodplants. Burns (1964) wrote the definitive work on the genus. Reference to Lindsey et al. (1931) is necessary for drawings of male genitalia, the only reliable structures for distinguishing most species. The shape of the left valve is the critical characteristic.

Biology


Adults fly from early May to mid-July, with peak flight occurring in late June. The species is univoltine. Elsewhere the larvae have been collected from various Ceanothus species (Burns 1964). In our area the Pacuvius Duskywing is associated with Ceanothus velutinus.

Habitat


The Pacuvius Duskywing is found in the southern fourth of BC from east of the Cascades to the Rocky Mountain Trench. It is found in open pine forest areas and on dry hillsides in association with Ceanothus bushes. In the past this species and the next have been unrecognized by BC lepidopterists; thus previous collection records are not a good indication of its range and density prior to recent human disturbance.

Distribution

Distribution

The species ranges from southern BC to northern Baja California and AZ in mountains where Ceanothus occurs.

Status Information

Origin StatusProvincial StatusBC List
(Red Blue List)
COSEWIC
NativeS4YellowNot Listed



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General References