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Polygonia gracilis Hübner, [1819]
Anglewings; Hoary Comma
Family: Nymphalidae (Brushfoots)
Species account authors: Crispin Guppy and Jon Shepard.
Extracted from Butterflies of British Columbia.
Introduction to the Butterflies of BC
The Families of Lepidoptera of BC

Photograph

© Norbert Kondla     (Photo ID #74156)

Map

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Distribution of Polygonia gracilis in British Columbia.
(Click on the map to view a larger version.)
Source: Butterflies of British Columbia by Crispin Guppy and Jon Shepard © Royal BC Museum

Species Information


Adult

Hoary Anglewings are very similar to Zephyr Anglewings, but are smaller. The upperside of the wings has smaller black markings. The underside of the wings is a darker grey. As with Zephyr Anglewings, males and females are very similar in appearance.

Immature Stages

Mature larvae from Clemina, BC, are similar to those of P. zephyrus except that in a dark variant, pale portions are washed with pale buff and brown (Sugden 1970).

Subspecies

None. The type locality of the species is Mt. Washington, NH. Some authors consider that the Zephyr Anglewing is a subspecies of the Hoary Anglewing.

Genus Description


The name Polygonia comes from the Greek polygonos (many-angled), and it is very appropriate as the wings of these insects are adorned with many indentations that produce an almost ragged appearance. The common name was first used by Holland (1898) in reference to the Latin name and the many angles along the edge of the wings.

Anglewings are generally medium-sized butterflies. The wings are orange brown with black markings on the upperside, and bark- or leaf-patterned on the underside. The edges of the wings are ragged in appearance. Males and females usually have quite different patterns on the underside of the wings, with the female pattern being plainer. There are about 15 species worldwide.

Eggs are laid singly on the underside of leaves of the foodplants. The eggs are cream in colour, later turning dark as the larva matures inside. Mature larvae are variably coloured but usually resemble bird droppings; they have numerous branching spines. Anglewing adults hibernate in sheltered areas such as hollow trees or stumps, debris piles, house crawl spaces, or barns.

Biology


Hoary Anglewings are univoltine, with adults mating and laying eggs after hibernation, in May and June. These eggs hatch within in a week or so, and the next generation of adults emerges in July and August. These adults do not reproduce immediately, but instead hibernate during winter.

Larval foodplants are willows at Clemina, BC (Sugden 1970). CSG reared two Hoary Anglewings from larvae on Sitka alder north of Wonowon, at Mile 110 of the Alaska Highway. Wild red currant is used as a foodplant in Alaska (Bird et al. 1995).

Habitat


Hoary Anglewings occur in openings in coniferous forests and along river banks across northern BC.

Distribution

Distribution

Hoary Anglewings occur from central AK south to central BC, and east across boreal Canada to the Maritimes and the northern USA.

Status Information

Origin StatusProvincial StatusBC List
(Red Blue List)
COSEWIC
NativeS5YellowNot Listed



BC Ministry of Environment: BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer--the authoritative source for conservation information in British Columbia.

General References