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Polygonia zephyrus Hübner, [1819]
Anglewings; Zephyr Anglewing
Family: Nymphalidae (Brushfoots)
Species account authors: Crispin Guppy and Jon Shepard.
Extracted from Butterflies of British Columbia.
Introduction to the Butterflies of BC
The Families of Lepidoptera of BC

Photograph

© Rosemary Taylor     (Photo ID #35194)

Map

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Distribution of Polygonia zephyrus in British Columbia.
(Click on the map to view a larger version.)
Source: Butterflies of British Columbia by Crispin Guppy and Jon Shepard © Royal BC Museum

Species Information


Adult

Zephyr Anglewings are characterized by two-toned grey undersides to the wings, with greenish yellow submarginal spots that have dark centres. Males and females are very similar. Compared with males, females are slightly larger and slightly brighter orange brown on the upperside of the wings, and appear slightly more faded on the underside of the wings.

Immature Stages

Mature larvae have bilobed shiny black heads, with black spines on each lobe and with white markings and white hairs. The body has a dorsal row of spines and three lateral rows of spines on each side. They are black, with a pale yellow line at the front and rear of segments 3-5 on the back, and with a faint pale yellow line down the back of the thorax. The front half of the back is reddish, including the dorsal and subdorsal rows of spines. The rear half of the back is white, including the three rows of spines, except for a black arrow on the top of each segment. All the other spines are black, and on the sides are many pale tubercles. The underside is dark brown. Pupae can be either dark- or light-coloured; dark pupae appear to be females and light pupae males (Edwards 1874-84; GAH).

Subspecies

None. The type locality of the species is Virginia City, Storey Co., NV.

Genus Description


The name Polygonia comes from the Greek polygonos (many-angled), and it is very appropriate as the wings of these insects are adorned with many indentations that produce an almost ragged appearance. The common name was first used by Holland (1898) in reference to the Latin name and the many angles along the edge of the wings.

Anglewings are generally medium-sized butterflies. The wings are orange brown with black markings on the upperside, and bark- or leaf-patterned on the underside. The edges of the wings are ragged in appearance. Males and females usually have quite different patterns on the underside of the wings, with the female pattern being plainer. There are about 15 species worldwide.

Eggs are laid singly on the underside of leaves of the foodplants. The eggs are cream in colour, later turning dark as the larva matures inside. Mature larvae are variably coloured but usually resemble bird droppings; they have numerous branching spines. Anglewing adults hibernate in sheltered areas such as hollow trees or stumps, debris piles, house crawl spaces, or barns.

Biology


Zephyr Anglewings are univoltine, and mate and lay eggs early in spring, after hibernation. These eggs hatch within a week or so, and the next generation of adults emerges in July or August. These adults do not reproduce immediately but hibernate instead in sheltered areas such as hollow trees, stumps, and debris piles.

Larval foodplants in BC are Ribes, including red-flowering currant and white rhododendron (Harvey 1908; Sugden 1970; ACJ; CSG; GAH). Outside BC larval foodplants include Ribes cereum and R. inerme (Emmel and Emmel 1974; Ferris and Brown 1981; Scott 1992).

Habitat


Zephyr Anglewings occur across southern BC at all elevations, but most commonly in subalpine coniferous forest with white rhododendron.

Distribution

Distribution

Zephyr Anglewings occur from southern BC and AB south to CA and NM in the west.

Status Information

Origin StatusProvincial StatusBC List
(Red Blue List)
COSEWIC
UnlistedUnlistedUnlistedUnlisted



BC Ministry of Environment: BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer--the authoritative source for conservation information in British Columbia.

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