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Speyeria callippe Scudder, 1872
Callippe Fritillary; Greater Fritillaries
Family: Nymphalidae (Brushfoots)
Species account authors: Crispin Guppy and Jon Shepard.
Extracted from Butterflies of British Columbia.
Introduction to the Butterflies of BC
The Families of Lepidoptera of BC

Photograph

© Norbert Kondla     (Photo ID #6646)

Map

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Distribution of Speyeria callippe in British Columbia.
(Click on the map to view a larger version.)
Source: Butterflies of British Columbia by Crispin Guppy and Jon Shepard © Royal BC Museum

Species Information


Adult

The common and widely distributed subspecies S.c. semivirida is distinguished by the fact that the ground colour of the ventral hindwing is overcast with green. The new subspecies described below cannot be confused with any other BC Speyeria species. It could, however, be confused with S. egleis, a species not yet known from BC.

Immature Stages

The mature larva is black. The body is covered with protuberances that bear spines. There are two mid-dorsal narrow yellow stripes. S. callippe and S. zerene are identical in the larval stages.

Subspecies

The Green Fritillary, S.c. semivirida (McDunnough, 1924) (TL: Aspen Grove, BC) is found in southeastern BC. The ventral hindwings have a green ground colour. In the Chilcotin Fritillary, described below, the ventral hindwings have a brown ground colour.

Speyeria callippe chilcotinensis Guppy & Shepard, new subspecies. In both males and females of S.c. chilcotinensis the ground colour of the ventral hindwings is dark chocolate brown, rather than the green of S.c. semivirida. Also, the ground colour of the ventral forewings of both sexes is primarily a reddish brown. S.c. semivirida, by contrast, has fewer reddish brown scales and the ground colour is much lighter. Types. Holotype: female, BC, Riske Creek, 23 July 1981, J. and S. Shepard. A label "Holotype / Speyeria callippe / chilcotinensis Guppy & Shepard" is attached. The holotype is deposited in the Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, BC, CAN. Paratypes: 2 males, BC, Riske Creek, 27 June 1970, J. and S. Shepard (JHS); 3 females, same locality, 23 July 1981, J. and S. Shepard (JHS); 1 male, 1 female, BC, Pavilion, 10 mi. N., 18 July 1981, J. and S. Shepard (JHS); 2 males, BC, 70 Mile House, 1 July 1972, S. Shepard (JHS); 2 males, BC, Jesmond Lookout, el. 6,000', 29 July 1972, S. Shepard (JHS); 1 male, BC, Riske Creek, Deer Park Ranch on Moon Road, 21 June 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 1 male, BC, Riske Creek, Becher's Prairie, 24 June 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 1 male, BC, Riske Creek, Moon Road, 24 June 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 1 male, BC, Riske Creek, Hwy 20, 25 June 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 3 males, BC, Riske Creek, road to Farwell Canyon, 12 July 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 1 female, BC, Williams Lake, south of town, 12 July 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 1 male, BC, Riske Creek, west of road to Farwell Canyon, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 3 males, 1 female, BC, Riske Creek, Becher's Prairie, East Lake, 12 July 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 3 males, BC, Riske Creek, Cotton Road, 12 July 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 2 males, 1 female, BC, Riske Creek, Doc English Gulch, 20 July 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 1 female, BC, Riske Creek, Stack Valley Road, 10 August 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG); 1 male, BC, Hanceville, 25 km east at Harper Lake, 12 July 1997, A.I. Fischer (CSG).

Genus Description


The genus Speyeria is named for the German lepidopterist Adolph Speyer (1812-92). The name "greater fritillaries" refers to the large size of the species in this genus, in contrast to the lesser fritillaries in the genera Boloria and Clossiana.

At least some populations of all species of Speyeria in BC have individuals with silver spots on the ventral hindwing. By contrast, only one species of Clossiana has these silver spots. The genus is entirely Nearctic, with 14 recognized species, 9 of which are found in BC. Two other species, S. coronis (Behr, 1864) and S. egleis (Behr, 1862) occur immediately south of the BC border in Washington or Montana, and might eventually be recorded in the province. Dos Passos and Grey (1947) produced the definitive treatment of the genus. In this genus, and all genera in the subfamily except Boloria and Clossiana, the aedeagus is open at the proximal end. Dos Passos and Grey (1947) reduced the number of recognized species from more than 100 species to 13 species, and reduced the other species names to either subspecies or synonyms. The dos Passos and Grey paper, Gunder (1929b), Davenport (1941), and Nabokov (1949) set the standard for our modern species concepts for North American butterflies. P.A. Hammond (pers. comm.) has provided the information on the biology and appearance of the larvae.

Biology


The Callippe Fritillary has a very protracted flight period, from mid-May to late August. The females retreat to high elevations during the dry summer and fly back to the larval foodplant to lay eggs when cooler weather returns in late August. Eggs are laid at the base of the foodplant, Viola sp., or at the base of sagebrush (Artemisia) (Durden 1965). They hatch and the first instar larvae overwinter. Larvae begin feeding the following spring, as soon as the foodplant has leafed out.

Habitat


The Callippe Fritillary is found from the eastern Chilcotin southeast to Osoyoos and east to near the AB border. It is usually found in slightly less xeric habitat than the Zerene Fritillary, and not in sagebrush habitat.

Distribution

Distribution

From BC east to MB, and south to Baja California, MEX, and CO.

Status Information

Scientific NameOrigin StatusProvincial StatusBC List
(Red Blue List)
COSEWIC
Speyeria callippeNativeS5YellowNot Listed
Speyeria callippe chilcotinensisNativeS4YellowNot Listed
Speyeria callippe semiviridaNativeS4YellowNot Listed



BC Ministry of Environment: BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer--the authoritative source for conservation information in British Columbia.

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