E-Fauna BC: Electronic Atlas of the Wildlife of British Columbia

Stylasterias forreri (de Loriol, 1887)
Long-Rayed Star
Family: Asteriidae
Photo of species

© Neil McDaniel  Email the photographer   (Photo ID #15923)

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Distribution of Stylasterias forreri in British Columbia
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Introduction


Family Description:

Five or more arms. At least one adambulacral is fused into an adoral carina. The adambulacrals are wider than their length. Crossed and straight pedicellariae are present, the former usually in dense tufts around the spines. The aboral skeleton is meshlike. The tube feet are arranged in four rows.

Species Information


Click on the image below to view an expanded illustration for this taxon. If more than one illustration is available for a species (e.g., two subspecies may be illustrated) then links to the separate images will be provided below.



Stylasterias forreri is a large slender-armed, black sea star with large aboral spines surrounded by prominent wreaths of pedicellariae. The common large form has white spines, grey wreaths of pedicellariae, and black skin and papulae with yellow tube feet on the lighter oral side. Other colour morphs, usually found on rock, are grayish-brown and, rarely, a straw colour. The five arms reach up to 33.5 cm in length and the arm-to-disc ratio is 11 to 16. On each arm long (4 to 5 mm) slender white spines occur in three to five longitudinal series. Each spine has a heavy wreath of crossed pedicellariae. Between the wreathed spines are groups of 8 to 10 papulae with an occasional large straight pedicellaria. On the side of the arm, the superomarginals bear a closely spaced, regular row of pointed spines surrounded by a smaller wreath of pedicellariae than the aboral spines. The inferomarginals have two scoop-shaped spines with a tuft of pedicellariae on the aboral side of each spine. The adambulacrals bear one thin furrow spine and another slightly larger flat spine on the oral surface. Small mouth plates, proximal to a short adoral carina of two plates, have two or three marginal spines and one sub oral.

Similar Species

Stylasterias forreri might be confused with Lethasterias nanimensis or Orthasterias koehleri, but the living colours are quite distinctive. Otherwise, the details of the aboral pedicellariae should be examined.

Biology


Stylasterias forreri feeds primarily on snails (Thais lamellosa, Calliostoma ligatum and Margarites spp.) and chitons (Tonicella spp.), using normal prey-capture methods. In addition, the wreaths of toothed pedicellariae can snare small sculpins and scallops that accidentally settle on the aboral surface, which are then transferred to the mouth. It can move at 9 to 32 cm per minute. Six S. forreri were observed spawning in August while elevated on the tips of their arms. Gametes were shed from gonopores between each arm. Spawning seemed to be stimulated by the mass spawning of other species. The scale worm Arctonöe fragilis is commensal on S. forreri.

Distribution

Distribution

Kodiak Island to San Diego, California; Uncommon, found on rock and shell-gravel at depths of 6 to 532 metres.

Status Information

Origin StatusProvincial StatusBC List
(Red Blue List)
COSEWIC
UnlistedUnlistedUnlistedUnlisted
BC Ministry of Environment: BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer--the authoritative source for conservation information in British Columbia.

Additional Range and Status Information Links

Additional Photo Sources

General References


Recommended citation: Author, Date. Page title. In Klinkenberg, Brian. (Editor) 2021. E-Fauna BC: Electronic Atlas of the Fauna of British Columbia [efauna.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [Accessed: 2025-04-20 6:51:59 AM]
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